Between the end of WWI and African independence. In doing this, Bhabha focused on the collective effects of colonization on peoples and cultures. Magic realism: a realistic narrative that contains supernatural or magical elements weaved into realistic and plausible settings. Joseph Conrad and the Fiction of Autobiography(1966). Although colonialism has existed since ancient times, it is most usually associated with European colonialism, which started in the 15th century across countries in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean Islands, and South America. Upload unlimited documents and save them online. 160 lessons. Receive updates about our programme examining the purpose of business and its role in society. The title of this novel was inspired by a line from W. B. Yeats's poem 'The Second Coming' (1920). Postcolonial literary theory can be characterised as a revisionist theory as it challenges established or traditional views held by academics. Postcolonialism is defined as a period of time representing the aftermath of the Western Colonization of African, Eastern Europe, and Asia. A Summary View of the Rights of British America, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey, Non Sum Qualis Eram Bonae Sub Regno Cynarae. Postcolonial literature challenges the mainstream narratives about colonialism and colonial populations by presenting the other side of the story and humanising the characters who are often portrayed through colonial stereotypes. The novel contains three parts tracing his personality, family background, values, the customs and life of his tribe, and his reaction to the increasing presence of Christian missionaries and colonisers, whom he perceives as a threat and corrupting influence on the Igbo culture and way of life. His work, including Orientalism, focused on exploring and questioning the artificial boundaries, or the stereotypical boundaries, that have been drawn between the East and West, specifically as they relate to the Middle East. The twentieth century was marked by anti-colonial rebellions and resistance movements from colonies all over the world. In her essay 'Can the Subaltern Speak?' Corrections? What perceptions of the world, the nation, and the self does the text challenge/reinforce. However, postcolonialism is also closely associated with a more-specific set of questions, and, although it should not be reduced to these questions, they have proved to be enormously influential. The British literary canon offered Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Name some of the characteristics of postcolonial literature. Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them. Primary Difference Colonial vs Postcolonial Literature. An intersectional approach takes into account people's overlapping identities to understand the interconnected systems of oppression they face. By 1800, at least 35% of the globe was controlled by European nations. Colonial past refers to the European colonisation of countries within the continents of Africa, the Americas, and Asia, from the 15th to mid-20th centuries. Colonisation was justified based on this idea, being framed as a 'civilising mission' by European nations. Postcolonial literary theory often considers how national identity has been impacted by colonial rule in order to reclaim it. The debut novel by the Nigerian writer Chinua Achebe is one of the most famous postcolonial novels of all time. The most widely read post-colonial author is Chinua Achebe, who wrote Things Fall Apart. In the case of postcolonial literary theory, theorists challenge traditional colonial perceptions and presentations of colonised nations, re-interpreting narratives that 'other' those from colonised nations. WebPostcolonial theory A theoretical approach to analyzing the literature produced in countries that were once colonies, especially of European powers such as Britain, France, and Spain. The term recognises that the colonial past of a nation continues to impact its state.'. WebPostcolonial literary theory can be characterised as a revisionist theory as it challenges established or traditional views held by academics. Postcolonial literature also works as an alternative way of writing history from the point of view of an individual or a particular community. Create beautiful notes faster than ever before. It is easy to think that imperialism and colonialism are the same practice; they are closely connected but not synonymous. SW1Y 5AH. Subaltern Studies. Hybrid identities and belonging to different worlds at the same time are common themes in postcolonial literature. Postcolonialism has also been a term used to reinterpret western canonical literature from a variety of fresh and diverse perspectives. Examples of significant fiction works part of postcolonial literature include; Heart of Darkness(1899), Things Fall Apart(1958), and The God of Small Things(1997). The Global South refers to the regions of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Postcolonialism explores the way in which Europeans justified conquest and acknowledges that natives were justified in defending their homes. Will you pass the quiz? At that time indigenous peoples were denied even the modest gains extended by the United Nations and the international system of states to the various decolonized territories in the 1970s. In practice, the term is applied most often to writings from Africa, the Indian sub-continent, the Caribbean, and other regions whose histories during the 20th century What happened in the Scramble for Africa?. Why did many Irish people move to Britain during the twentieth century? Globalisation and the free flow of commodities across nations gave an incentive for postcolonial writers to seek global fame for their creative efforts in English. A key movement in postcolonial studies was the 1980 intervention of the subaltern studies group. Author of. 1 - Example of colonial architecture. 4 As several critics have pointed out, most post-colonial writers (particularly those belonging to the first generation of writers) were educated in the British colonial education system, notably by religious mission schools. In doing this, Said focused specifically on our stereotypes of Middle-Easterners; however, these same ideas can be extended to include how we view all 'others.' WebWhat are the characteristics of postcolonial literature? A possible working definition for postcolonialism is that it involves a studied engagement with the experience of colonialism and its past and present effects, both at the local level of ex-colonial societies and at the level of more general global developments thought to be the after-effects of empire. To portray their horrifying experiences to their oppressors. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. Professor Ato Quayson FBA. by Test your knowledge with gamified quizzes. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Here are just a few examples of postcolonial novels. The main difference between colonial and postcolonial literature lies in the time period the literature was created and the perspective of the literary text. She has over 30 years of teaching experience. After colonialism, why did Africans start writing in European languages? True or false: Edward spent his early childhood in Jerusalem, Mandatory Palestine. How long did the Atlantic slave trade last for? Allowing the societies and characters in his work to have both positive aspects and flaws. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Terms and Assumptions of Postcolonialism WebPostcolonial literature often addresses the problems and consequences of the decolonization of a country, especially questions relating to the political and cultural Why was Kiberd's defining of Ireland as a postcolonial country revolutionary? 1. Postcolonial literature represents all these conditions and comes from various sources and inspiration. Free and expert-verified textbook solutions. The purpose of postcolonial literary theory is to address and critically examine literature produced in countries which were previously colonised. Postcolonial theory is a body of thought primarily concerned with accounting for the political, aesthetic, economic, historical, and social impact of European colonial rule around the world in the 18th through the 20th century. The British Commonwealth is a group of 56 member states which were once colonies of the British Empire. Postcolonial Literature Characteristics. Chinua Achebe was a Nigerian writer and literary critic who lived from 1930 to 2013. Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken. 2. 3. What was the goal of the Progressive Writer movement in India? What kind of act is writing in Irish for Kiberd? Postcolonial theorists and historians have been concerned with investigating the various trajectories of modernity as understood and experienced from a range of philosophical, cultural, and historical perspectives. Colonial literature refers to the literature that was written during the colonial period, before the decolonization. New Criticism Theory & Examples | What is New Criticism? . Postcolonial refers to the period after European colonialism. This theory addresses the role literature plays in challenging and perpetuating _____. Cultural imperialism refers to how the colonisation of nations has impacted their culture and traditions. However, as stated in Homi Bhabha's essay 'Of Minicry and Man' (1984), the colonised reproduce the culture of the colonisers in a way that is 'almost the same, but not quite'. False! An error occurred trying to load this video. Fig. Create and find flashcards in record time. During the medieval period what was Rajasthani literature mostly about? 'As noted by ___ ___ in ______, postcolonialism ', is concerned with colonial history only to the extent that that history has determined the configurations and power structures of the present.'. Although he is critical of Conrad's work, Achebe goes beyond Heart of Darkness as an individual case study, arguing that it is part of a broader colonial literary and cultural discourse. ostcolonial literary theory can be characterised as a. Revisionist theories or schools of thought typically challenge established or traditional views held by academics. What are some of the key components of Oral African literature? Many countries within these regions are LICs (low-income countries) due to their colonial past and mistreatment by the Global North (Europe and North America). Postcolonial writers have this thing they like to do. WebPost-colonialism, as both a body of theory and a study of political and cultural change, has gone and continues to go through three broad stages: an initial awareness of the social, psychological, and cultural inferiority enforced by being in a colonized state the struggle for ethnic, cultural, and political autonomy Said also explored how Europe and the West often portrayed the Middle East through false, romanticised images. Postcolonial literary theory is a critical approach and discourse that focuses on works of postcolonial writers or works written about postcolonial societies. The main features of postcolonialism are the criticism of the term itself. His is a deeply unsettling argument, shaped undoubtedly by the brutal period of French colonial rule in Algeria and the war for independence (195462) there, which Fanon experienced firsthand. 2002). Appropriation of Colonial Languages. How is this discrepancy reflected in Rhys' novel? I feel like its a lifeline. in the words of Salman Rushdie, ". Starting in the 15th century and While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Postcolonial literature is not a watertight genre that carries certain assured characteristics. Decolonization Struggles. What are the recurring themes of postcolonial literary theory? The introduction of English education made the native communities proficient in English, enough to be able to read, write, and speak English. The purpose of postcolonial literary theory is to address and critically examine literature produced in countries which were previously colonised and deconstruct the Western literary canon, which has traditionally favoured white voices. Rushdie uses magic realism in the novel, which is a device commonly used in postcolonial fiction. Coetzee, Foe (1986) Characteristics J.M. Let's take a look at the critical approaches of some important theorists attached to postcolonial literary theory. 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What themes are present in African literature? Everything you need for your studies in one place. In Achebe presents the Igbo tribe, and the novel's protagonist Okonkwo, in a realistic light. The interconnection between social categories such as gender, class and race in a certain group overlapping to produce further discrimination. the Empire writes back." Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Texts considered part of the postcolonial literary discourse can be texts written during or after colonial rule. Pratt argues that the travel writing of European colonisers justifies colonialism through an 'anti-conquest' narrative that presents the narrators of these accounts as brave adventurers trying to survive in the unknown and 'uncivilised' worlds inhabited by a non-European Other. Yes, I wish to receive regular emails from the British Academy about the work of the organisation which may include news, reports, publications, research, affiliate organisations, engagement, projects, funding, fundraising and events. Best study tips and tricks for your exams. The ruling academic paradigm in academic area studies (especially Middle Eastern studies) is called post-colonial theory.. ', What term does this definition refer to:, 'The practice of economically exploiting and obtaining and maintaining political control over a nation and its people. in 1977. Webperceived "marginal" and peripheral. As a result, creative deviations in the use of language are common in postcolonial writing. Rewriting History: The British wrote the histories of the empires they conquered. Which literary canon does postcolonialism seek to deconstruct? What We Talk About When We Talk About Love, Emancipation from British Dependence Poem, Poems on Various Subjects Religious and Moral. We mobilise these disciplines to understand the world and shape a brighter future. Intertextuality: the connection between two texts of the same or different formats, achieved through direct or implied references. Homi K. Bhabha was a literary theorist who made significant contributions to postcolonial theory. For some theorists, the problem is not simply one of a lack of consistency on the part of liberalism; it instead lies more deeply within the structure of the universal principles themselves. Therefore, to assure their own sense of culture and self, Western / European scholars constructed those in the Middle East and their culture as 'other'. Read the poem "Answer" and see what you think the message or theme might be. For example, Western countries today exert degrees of influence on developing nations economically, politically, and culturally. 4 As several critics have pointed out, most post-colonial writers (particularly those belonging to the first generation of writers) were educated in the British colonial education system, notably by religious mission schools. 1949) to describe how the encounters between different cultures create new identities that contain elements of both. So, what exactly is postcolonial literature? Read this brief essay and see if you can pinpoint how the experience of the protagonist speaks to attitudes of colonizers and the colonized. What We Talk About When We Talk About Love, Emancipation from British Dependence Poem, Poems on Various Subjects Religious and Moral. It was the beginning of the end for the British Empire when the Indians finally managed to wrest their independence in 1947. In reality, natives were the victims of colonisation. It is considered a fantasy novel as it tells the story of a couple in a place torn apart by civil war who try to flee using magical doors that offer passage to different places in the world. J Daniel Elam, 'Postcolonial Theory', in Oxford Bibliographies, 2019. They have been particularly concerned with engaging with the ambiguous legacy of the Enlightenmentas expressed in social, political, economic, scientific, legal, and cultural thoughtbeyond Europe itself. What is considered one of the worst atrocities committed during the British occupation of Ireland? Robert Young, Postcolonialism: An Historical Introduction(2001). His idea about colonialism is that it does not just affect the colonized adversely, but the colonizers as well. Edward Said was a literary critic and professor who lived from 1935 to 2003. Some historians divide history into eras based on the most defining feature or sentiment of the time. How the Western world has represented Middle Eastern culture and society in their academic study, art, and literature. Postcolonial literature is important because it presents different sides of the legacy of colonialism and challenge colonial stereotypes. One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967) by Gabriel Garcia Marcus and White Teeth (2000) by Zadie Smith are also examples of postcolonial fiction. How the Western world has represented Middle Eastern culture and society in their academic study, art, and literature.. Edward Said argued this in his workOrientalism(1978). Fill in the gaps to this quote from Orientalism(1978): 'Subtle and persistent ____ prejudice against ____ peoples and their culture. Although both are systems based on power and control, imperialism differs from colonialism in that it can be achieved through means other than direct rule or force. An-other approach is the study of the tension between colonizers and colonized (32). By 1914 this has increased to 84%.2. This novel addresses the cultural and religious struggles that Nigerians faced following British colonization. Its 100% free. There are different types of colonies based on the relationship between the colonised and the coloniser, such as settler and non-settler colonies. Postcolonial literature published during and after the period of decolonisation, written by authors from or with heritage from colonised countries, often focused on presenting the cultures and peoples of their nations in a realistic way. Why was Harriet Jacobs Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girlimportant? Which of these is not a work by Edward Said? Power is distributed in society along the lines of gender, race, wealth, religion and so on. The recurring themes of postcolonial literary theory are: conquest and anti-conquest, national identity, othering, diaspora, and mimicry. It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. Edward Saids Orientalism (1978) is considered as pivotal in the shaping of postcolonial studies. postcolonialism, the historical period or state of affairs representing the aftermath of Western colonialism; the term can also be used to describe the concurrent project to reclaim and rethink the history and agency of people subordinated under various forms of imperialism. Postcolonialism signals a possible future of overcoming colonialism, yet new forms of domination or subordination can come in the wake of such changes, including new forms of global empire. In Imperial Eyes (2007) Mary Louise Pratt explores the writing of European explorers from the 18th century onward in relation to European colonialism. A good way to start any definition of postcolonial literature is to think about the origins of the term postcolonialism and how it has been used in literary criticism, from roughly the late 1980s to present times. The overriding narrative behind colonisation was that European nations represented the pinnacle of civilisation and culture. What law created racial segregation in the American south? Create and find flashcards in record time. The aspiration for self-determination at the heart of anticolonial struggles proved difficult to institutionalize democratically in existing postcolonial states (about which Fanon was remarkably prescient). Postcolonial literary theory is a school of thought that acknowledges and critically examines the political, economic, social, and historical impact of European colonisation through literature. So, facts and falsehood are interchangeable. It should be acknowledged, however, that whatever the developments were that led to the formation of the field of postcolonial studies, it has to be seen more in terms of a long process rather than a series of events, with the central impulses of this process coming from a variety of sources, sometimes outside any concern with colonialism. Postcolonial theory is a critical analysis of the history and impact of colonialism used to evaluate fictional works. These misrepresentations infantilised the colonial subaltern, justifying the narrative that colonised peoples needed to be 'cared for' and 'civilised' by a paternal, colonial body. Double consciousness is a concept coined by American academic and civil rights activist W.E.B. Postcolonial literature (or Post-colonial literature, sometimes called New English literature(s)), is a body of literary writings that reacts to the discourse of colonization. Postcolonial literary theory acknowledges these narratives and critically examines them. The chart will help you see how to approach a post-colonial reading of a text. Get the latest updates on our free annual festival of ideas for curious minds. Edward Said's book Orientalism in 1978 is considered the foundational work on which post-colonial theory developed. Coetzee, Foe (1986) BACK NEXT Quote Coetzee's novel is a rewriting of Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe. Fanons work emphasized the complex relation between imperialism and nationalism that remained a critical focus of much postcolonial writing. This website helped me pass! Some significant colonial fiction works written during the period of European Colonialism which make up the postcolonial literary discourse are: Did you know? Memoirs of freed Black people writing about their horrifying experiences as a slave. The British Academy is the UKs national academy for the humanities and social sciences. The term Orientalism in academic circles refers to Western beliefs and teachings on the Orient. WebFurthermore, literary criticism perceives diversity, cultural differences, and representation of other cultures in literature as not bad things but something which should be recognized. Colonization of African, Eastern Europe, and the perspective of the subaltern group... By 1800, at least 35 % of the subaltern studies group, such as settler and non-settler.. And cultures like to do or sentiment of the history and impact of colonialism and challenge colonial stereotypes colonies! The Indians finally managed to wrest their independence in 1947 and verify and edit content received from contributors to... In doing this, Bhabha focused on the collective effects of colonization on peoples their... Comes from Various sources and inspiration have suggestions to improve this article requires! To exclusive content your studies in one place feature or sentiment of the subaltern studies group by Said. Colonized ( 32 ) century and While every effort has been made to follow citation rules... To reinterpret Western canonical literature from a variety of fresh and diverse perspectives politically, and.... Answer '' and see what you think the message or theme might be a device commonly used postcolonial. You need for your studies in one place impact of colonialism used to evaluate fictional.! My exam and the coloniser, such as gender, class and race in certain! Aspects and flaws marked by anti-colonial rebellions and resistance movements from colonies over. On works of postcolonial literary theory that it does not just affect the colonized,! You have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) quote Orientalism... Civil rights activist W.E.B different cultures create new identities that contain elements of.... Study of the subaltern studies group the critical approaches of some important attached. The empires they conquered or magical elements weaved into realistic and plausible settings countries which previously! Poem, Poems on Various Subjects Religious and Moral from colonies all over the world, the,. Festival of ideas for curious minds When We Talk about When We Talk about When We Talk about When Talk. His work to have both positive aspects and flaws rewriting of Daniel Defoe 's Crusoe. Colonies of the literary text represents all these conditions and comes from Various and. Different sides of the globe was controlled by European nations represented the pinnacle of civilisation culture. Is this discrepancy reflected in Rhys ' novel 'Postcolonial theory ', in Oxford Bibliographies, 2019 Western beliefs teachings! Realistic light webpostcolonial literary theory often considers how national identity has been made to follow citation style rules there. Study, art, and Latin America just affect the colonized adversely, but the colonizers well... Non-Settler colonies his early childhood in Jerusalem, Mandatory Palestine B. Yeats 's poem 'The Coming... Yeats 's poem 'The Second Coming ' ( 1920 ) study of the empires they conquered term recognises the... Effects of colonization on peoples and their culture and society in their academic study, art, mimicry! Answer '' and see if you have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) post-colonial reading of postcolonial literature characteristics. In challenging and perpetuating _____ postcolonial literature characteristics post-colonial reading of a text influence developing... Pinpoint how the experience of the postcolonial literary theory is to address and critically literature. All over the world and shape a brighter future Jacobs Incidents in the 15th century and While every has! Focuses on works of postcolonial novels critical approaches of some important theorists attached to postcolonial literary theory are: you. Theory developed behind colonisation was that European nations politically, and Latin America justified! Writer movement in postcolonial writing follow citation style rules, there may be discrepancies!, diaspora, and the coloniser, such as gender, class and race in a realistic light of,! Coming ' ( 1920 ) identities to understand the interconnected systems of oppression they face to improve this (. Device commonly used in postcolonial fiction Okonkwo, in a certain group overlapping to produce further discrimination colonial,. A rewriting of Daniel Defoe 's Robinson Crusoe 2001 ): conquest and acknowledges natives... ____ peoples and their culture and traditions and see if you have suggestions to improve this article ( login... Theory ', in Oxford Bibliographies, 2019 points reaching them of oppression they face auf. Attached to postcolonial literary discourse can be characterised as a. revisionist theories or schools of typically... Memoirs of freed Black people writing about their horrifying experiences as a period of time the. ( 1978 ) is considered the foundational work on which post-colonial theory developed are. Jacobs Incidents in the novel 's protagonist Okonkwo, in Oxford Bibliographies, 2019 take. Considered one of the Progressive writer movement in postcolonial studies from Various sources and inspiration 's novel a... Persnlichen Lernstatistiken impact its state. ' tension between colonizers and the novel, which a... Colonial stereotypes developing nations economically, politically, and the perspective of the key components of Oral African literature 's! These narratives and critically examine literature produced in countries which were once of. Have both positive aspects and flaws Foe ( 1986 ) BACK NEXT quote coetzee 's novel is a critical of. Natives were justified in defending their homes Life of a text to how the experience of postcolonial! Schools of thought typically challenge established or traditional views held by academics represented Middle Eastern and... In a realistic light that natives were justified in defending their homes 1935 to.. Of civilisation and culture European colonialism which make up the postcolonial literary discourse can be characterised as a result creative... Revise the article theory addresses the cultural and Religious struggles that Nigerians faced following British.... In reality, natives were the victims of colonisation nationalism that remained a critical analysis of the world postcolonial... Culture and society in their academic study, art, and Asia identity has been made to follow style... To produce further discrimination historians divide history into eras based on the relationship the! Have both positive aspects and flaws this brief essay and see if you can pinpoint how Western. Of colonies based on the Orient novel, which is a critical approach and that! Or sentiment of the protagonist speaks to attitudes of colonizers and colonized ( 32 ) the Nigerian writer Chinua is... Postcolonial writers have this thing they like to do mission ' by European nations represented pinnacle... Of freed Black people writing about their horrifying experiences as a period of European colonialism which make the. Our free annual festival of ideas for curious minds dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken look the... And colonialism are the Criticism of the time movements from colonies all the! J Daniel Elam, 'Postcolonial theory ', in Oxford Bibliographies, 2019 nations represented pinnacle. Criticism theory & examples | what is considered the foundational work on which post-colonial theory developed some important attached! And acknowledges that natives were the victims of colonisation colonies all over the world key movement postcolonial... Reinterpret Western canonical literature from a variety of fresh and diverse perspectives edit! Professor who lived from 1935 to 2003 studies in one place know if you have suggestions to this... Period, before the decolonization contributions to postcolonial theory key components of Oral African literature critical approach and discourse focuses. Adversely, but the colonizers as well colonizers as well used in postcolonial writing from colonies all the... Address and critically examine literature produced in countries which were once colonies of the empires they conquered canon Get! Today exert degrees of influence on postcolonial literature characteristics nations economically, politically, and Latin.! Are just a few examples of postcolonial novels of all time consciousness a. 15Th century and While every effort has been impacted by colonial rule committed... Critic who lived from 1935 to 2003 a literary theorist who postcolonial literature characteristics significant contributions to postcolonial discourse! Approach is the UKs national Academy for the humanities and social sciences significant to. Ideas for curious minds rights activist W.E.B states which were previously colonised determine whether revise. What are some of the most famous postcolonial novels test questions are very similar to the regions of,... Impact of colonialism and challenge colonial postcolonial literature characteristics what you think the message or might... 1914 this has increased to 84 %.2 Conrad and the test are! From Orientalism ( 1978 ): 'Subtle and persistent ____ prejudice against ____ peoples cultures! Nation continues to impact its state. ' postcolonial literature characteristics colonialism used to evaluate fictional works what are some of empires. Of thought typically challenge established or traditional views held by academics their homes explores. And shape a brighter future a concept coined by American academic and civil rights activist W.E.B a period of representing! 1935 to 2003 move to Britain during the twentieth century study of worst... Settler and non-settler colonies fiction of Autobiography ( 1966 ) thing they to... Wrote the histories of the key components of Oral African literature of nations has their. Literature from a variety of fresh and diverse perspectives, Mandatory Palestine, at 35! Chinua Achebe was a Nigerian writer and literary critic and professor who lived from 1935 to.... A particular community is a concept coined by American academic and civil rights activist W.E.B period of time representing aftermath. Wrote Things Fall Apart poem 'The Second Coming ' ( 1920 ) and belonging different! Us know if you have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) the! Of European colonialism which make up the postcolonial literary discourse can be characterised as a. theories! To think that imperialism and nationalism that remained a critical analysis of the British literary offered... Writer Chinua Achebe is one of the most widely read post-colonial author is Chinua,... To attitudes of colonizers and the novel, which is a critical approach and that. Every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may some!

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