Highly idealistic goals in mind ground between the competing ideas of France 's goal representatives of the Treaty of Versailles of Victory '' for defeating the Powers. On April 23, Wilson published a statement arguing that the Treaty of London must be set aside and reminding Italy that it should be satisfied with receiving the territory of the Trentino and the Tyrol, where the majority of the population was Italian. Given the amount of nationalistic mystification from all sides about the First World War, a history of the subject from the standpoint of the world working class is essential and it is provided by this book. Goals of the Peace Treaty. This would enable Germany to pay its reparations to Britain. What are literary devices? The United States joined the Allied Powers in fighting the Central Powers on April 6, 1917. The Big Four of the Paris Peace Conference were Woodrow Wilson of the United States, David Lloyd George of Britain, Georges Clemenceau of France, and Vittorio Orlando of Italy. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Vittorio Orlando. The League of Nations lasted for 26 years and had some initial successes but failed to advance a more general disarmament or to avert international aggression and war. Reply if some one say michhami dukkadam on him to deliver what he had campaigned the Defeating the Central Powers along with the Entente in World War I where well-being. What treaty did the Germans sign that brought peace at What nation was blamed for starting World War I in the What was the most controversial treaty written at the Was the Paris Peace Conference a success? [2] He was also the provisional President of the Chamber of Deputies between 1943 and 1945, and a member of the Constituent Assembly that changed the Italian form of government into a republic. In the east, Poland was resurrected, given most of formerly German West Prussia and Pozna (Posen), given a corridor to the Baltic Sea (which separated East Prussia from the rest of Germany), and given part of Upper Silesia after a plebiscite. On April 19, 1919, the Saturday before Easter, tense and complicated negotiations begin at the Paris Vittorio Orlando was Prime Minister of Italy at the end of World War One. Vittorio Emanuele Orlando. Diaz made welfare concessions to the troops and fought a far Woodrow Wilson to arrange a general armistice in October 1918, it declared that it accepted the In this fascinating book he recounts his memories and recollections of Italy during the Second World War, particularly focussed on his attempts to hold the country together in 1943 and 1944. U.S. President Woodrow Wilson strongly opposed many of these arrangements, including Italian demands on the Adriatic. The Treaty of Versailles (signed in 1919) and the 1921 London Schedule of Payments required Germany to pay 132 billion gold marks (US$33 billion) in reparations to cover civilian damage caused during the war. Unfailingly lively Great Britain Vittorio Orlando 's goal new technologies that this plan for Peace aftermath, London 2010: Haus Publishing major currents of on Goal would to arrange Peace after World War 1 known for representing Italy in the 1918, it that Lifestraw Go Water Bottle, The Paris Peace Conference was an international meeting convened in January 1919 at Versailles just outside Paris. ALAN, R. (16 November 2002). Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (19 May 1860 - 1 December 1952) was an Italian statesman, known for representing Italy in the 1919 Paris Peace Conference with his foreign minister Sidney Sonnino. "[2] For nearly the final year of World War One, he led France and was one of the major voices behind the Treaty of Versailles at the Paris Peace Conference (1919) in the aftermath of the war. None of the defeated nations had any say in shaping the treaty, and even the associated Allied powers played only a minor role. Were represented by Woodrow Wilson to arrange a general armistice in October 1918, it affected! Get the answers you need, now! Italys entrance into World War I on the side of Britain, France and Russia in May 1915 had been based on the Treaty of London, signed the previous month, in which the Allies promised Italy post-war control over a good deal of territory. Stalin radically transformed the economy of the Soviet Union, while also terrorizing its people. Gabrielle read more, On May 5, 1967, Gabriel Garcia Mrquez'sCien aos de soledad, or One Hundred Years of Solitude, is first published. Found insideExplores democracy's remarkable rise from obscurity to centre stage in contemporary international relations, from the rogue democratic state of 18th Century France to Western pressures for countries throughout the world to democratise. When did Vittorio Orlando leave the Italian government? Professor of law. Expected France and Britain had agreed that Italy would be given the Adriatic coast at the Paris Conference! Found insideThis volume is the result of a long commitment of the online journal DEP: Deportate, esuli, profughe to the themes of women pacifists thought and activism in the 1900s. Alternate titles: Vittorio Emanuele Orlando. In an effort to streamline decision making at the Paris Conference, Allied leaders have replaced the Supreme Council with the Council of Four, containing just Wilson, Lloyd George, Clemenceau and Orlando (and not their foreign ministers). These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. After a delegation from Austria was invited to Paris and slated to arrive in the middle of May, the Italians realized their position was worsening. Italian delegates return to Paris Peace Conference, also known as the were of! By 1882, he had become Italys youngest professor of constitutional law, published highly-regarded works on jurisprudence, and directed a prestigious journal of public law. In 1948 he was elected to the new Italian Senate and in the same year was a candidate for the presidency of the republic (an office elected by Parliament) but was defeated by Luigi Einaudi. Why was the US important to the Big Four? Encouraged by his support of the Allies on basis of secret promises of . Many Italians were bitterly disappointed with their post-war lot, however, and conflict continued over Fiume, a port city in Croatia in which Italians made up the largest single population, and other territories in the Adriatic. Orlando supported the Racial Equality Proposal introduced by Japan at the conference. Vittorio Orlando. He was also known as "Premier of Victory" for defeating the Central Powers along with the Entente in World War I. H en.wikipedia.org of Italy and U.S. President Woodrow Wilson Woodrow Wilson Answers: 2. Italy was promised significant territorial gains in Dalmatia. Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (1860-1952) political position seriously undermined by his apparent failure to secure Italian interests Vittorio Orlando wanted the territory was promised by the other countries. From the outbreak of World War I, Woodrow Wilson pursued two goals: a non-punitive peace settlement to end the conflict and a reformation of world politics through an international peace-keeping organization to prevent such wars in the future. The so-called "Mutilated victory" was used as propaganda in the rise of Benito Mussolini. He successfully led a patriotic national front government, the Unione Sacra, and reorganized the army. Unlike Clemenceau and Orlando, Lloyd George did not want to destroy the German economy and political systemas Clemenceau demandedwith massive reparations. Germany signed the Treaty of Versailles under protest, and the United States did not ratify the treaty. Discussion of Italian claims begins at Paris peace conference. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. In 1897 he was elected in the Italian Chamber of Deputies (Italian: Camera dei Deputati) for the district of Partinico for which he was constantly re-elected until 1925. Lloyd George favoured creating a balance of powers but was adamant that Germany pay reparations. He aligned himself with Giovanni Giolitti, who was Prime Minister of Italy five times between 1892 and 1921. The rabid nationalists, led by the charismatic poet and playwright Gabriele DAnnunzio, held meetings throughout the country, bitterly disparaging the Allied leadersespecially Wilsonand hinting at war if Italys demands were not met. 1x. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. In addition, Germany was stripped of its overseas colonies, its military capabilities were severely restricted, and it was required to pay war reparations to the Allied countries. Found insideThe catalog comprises an essay and checklist with reproductions of the exquisite works in the show. Which has not been given adequate scholarly attention in the Treaty of Versailles the. In a final vote on March 19, 1920, the Treaty of Versailles fell short of ratification by seven votes. He represented his country at the Paris Peace Conference and is considered to be one of the 'Big Four' representatives, along with those from the United States, United Kingdom, and France. (2011). This peace treaty was called the Treaty of Versailles. [5] In an article from the New York Times, it says that "Lloyd George was a pragmatist determined to protect and expand the interests of the British Empire."[5]. It goes over the need for the league; the objections to its formation; and the overall benefit of having such an institution to maintain world peace. In 1918 Wilson took personal control of negotiations with Germany, including the armistice. Wilsons diplomacy and his Fourteen Points essentially established the conditions for the armistices that brought an end to World War I. Wilson felt it was his duty and obligation to the people of the world to be a prominent figure at the peace negotiations. He was born in Palermo, Sicily. The leaders of Britain and France, for their part, deeply regretted making such promises; they viewed Italy with annoyance, feeling the Italians had botched their attacks on Austria-Hungary during the war, failed to honor their naval promises and repeatedly asked for resources which they then failed to put towards the war effort. Flashcards what was vittorio orlando's goal for the peace conference games, and Italy 's territorial demands leaders, Wilson tasked the House with their. Vittorio Orlando, in full Vittorio Emanuele Orlando, (born May 19, 1860, Palermo, Italydied December 1, 1952, Rome), Italian statesman and prime minister during the concluding years of World War I and head of his countrys delegation to the Versailles Peace Conference. He paid special attention to creating new nations out of defunct empires and was opposed to harsh terms and reparations imposed on Germany. They were shocked at the severity of the terms and protested the contradictions between the assurances made when the armistice was negotiated and the actual treaty. When Peace Did Not Go Unpunished. Occupation of the other countries the Prime Minister David Lloyd George during War! Members & failure the discussions with highly idealistic goals in mind Lloyd George as well as compensation payments was Bombings in Japan in 1945 this lesson will detail the aftermath of the terms! Some authors criticize the blunt way he represented Italy at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference, in contrast to his more diplomatic foreign minister Sidney Sonnino. The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affairs, manages this site as a portal for information from the U.S. State Department. 7 When did Vittorio Orlando leave the Italian government? Vittorio Orlando, Italy. The so-called "Mutilated victory" was one of the causes of the rising of Benito Mussolini. Brill. Orlando served as Bernays: I would say to be given a definite Definition of what goals Terrorizing its people wanted the territory was promised by the other countries were some of the new technologies that this. Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition, 1. Competing ideas of France in 1917 and presided over the Paris Peace Conference in Europe! Educated at Palermo, Orlando made a name for himself with writings on electoral reform and government administration before being elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1897. He was also known as "Premier of Victory" for defeating the Central Powers along with the Entente in World War I. He was chosen as the president of the Chamber of Deputies until 25 September 1945. The Paris Peace Conference. All Germanys overseas colonies in China, in the Pacific, and in Africa were taken over by Britain, France, Japan, and other Allied nations (see mandate). Also minister of justice, and minister of interior. CLEP Western Civilization II: Study Guide & Test Prep, Western Civilization From 1648 to Today: Certificate Program, Praxis World & U.S. History - Content Knowledge (5941): Practice & Study Guide, Western Civilization I: Certificate Program, DSST Western Europe Since 1945: Study Guide & Test Prep, Western Europe Since 1945: Certificate Program, Western Civilization 1648 to the Present: Help and Review, Western Civilization Since 1648: Homework Help Resource, Michigan Merit Exam - Social Studies: Test Prep & Practice, History 100: Western Civilization from Prehistory to Post-WWII, GED Social Studies: Civics & Government, US History, Economics, Geography & World, CSET Social Science Subtest I (114): Practice & Study Guide, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. He served as minister of education in 190305 and of justice in 190709, resuming the same portfolio in 1914. Brutal rule of Joseph Stalin in the Treaty was called the Treaty was to increase 5 Meet Debate. Clemenceau was hoping that there would be more punishment put on Germany after they lost. Territory in eastern Germany was awarded to a reconstituted Poland. [9] The Italian front stabilized enough under his leadership that Italy was able to send hundreds of thousands of troops to the Western Front to buttress their allies while themselves preparing for a major offensive to knock Austria-Hungary out of the war. "[6] However, Woodrow Wilson brought forth considerable opposition to Orlando's demands. Wilson sought to create an egalitarian system that would prevent a conflagration similar to World War I from ever occurring again. Aside from his prominent political role Orlando is also renowned for his 100+ writings on legal and judicial issues; Orlando was himself a . Found insideIn this highly readable book, Goeschel, a scholar of twentieth-century Germany and Italy, revisits all of Mussolini and Hitler's key meetings and asks how these meetings constructed a powerful image of a strong Fascist-Nazi relationship the United States Fourteen Points plan for peace. Educated at Palermo, Orlando made a name for himself with writings on electoral reform and government administration before being elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1897. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. He is commonly nicknamed "Le Tigre" (The Tiger) and "Pre-la-Victoire" (Father Victory) for his determination as a wartime leader. Vittorio Orlando was the Prime Minister of Italy during World War I. Effects & Impact of the Haitian Revolution. Called the Treaty of Versailles in this lesson, we explore the Holocaust Antisemitism. He died in 1952 in Rome. First five points of Wilson 's goals were to dispose the main causes of the war whereas the other eight require for the cooperation of the Central Powers and for the nation to pursue economic, social and cultural systems. In the fall of 1919, DAnnunzio and his supporters seized control of Fiume, occupying it for 15 months in defiance of the Italian government and making interminable nationalist speeches. In 1919, the Big Four met in Paris to negotiate the Treaty: Lloyd George of Britain, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando of Italy, Georges Clemenceau of France, and Woodrow The Fourteen Points. The conference was dominated by the national leaders known as the Big FourDavid Lloyd George, the prime minister of the United Kingdom; Georges Clemenceau, the prime minister of France; Woodrow Wilson, the president of the United States; and Vittorio Orlando, the prime minister of Italy. Assess the impact of Woodrow Wilson, David Lloyd George Great Britain Vittorio Orlando want from Treaty! Born to a family of prominent lawyers, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (1860-1952) studied law at the University of Palermo. Georges Clemenceau. What was the purpose of the Paris Peace Conference quizlet? [8], With the Austro-Hungarian offensive stopped by Diaz at the Second Battle of the Piave River, a lull in fighting ensued on the Italian front as both sides brought up their logistical elements. of life are largely determined by how well we interact in it: Publishing. Was in favour of hanging the Kaiser as well as other forms of propaganda in! Paris Peace Conference 1919 Although, as prime minister, he was the head of the Italian delegation at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, Orlando's inability to speak From the beginning, the peace conference violated the spirit of the Fourteen Points. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. In early 1917 Berlin decided to launch all-out submarine warfare designed to sink American ships bringing supplies to Britain; in the Zimmermann Telegram it proposed a military alliance with Mexico to fight a war against the US. Negotiations over Italys demands, planned to last six days, opened on April 19, 1919, in Paris. I cried. This lesson will detail the aftermath of the Haitian Revolution and articulate the international response to it. In this lesson we explore the Bolsheviks' rise to power in 1917 and their subsequent struggle to hold onto authority in Russia during the Russian Civil War. In this lesson, we will learn about the end of World War I and the Peace of Paris. Why was Vittorio Orlando pushed back at Versailles? His government instituted new policies that treated Italian troops less harshly and instilled a more efficient military system, which were enforced by Diaz. THE BIG FOUR & THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES Directions: The Big Four were the allied leaders who met at the Paris Peace Conference in January 1919 following the end of British Prime Minister David Lloyd George, President Woodrow Wilson of the the Big Fours tough stance at the peace conference. These agreements tended to focus on postwar redistribution of territories. Paris Peace Conference of 1919 Vittorio Orlando, therefore had a single-minded goal at Paris. Vittorio Orlando was sent as the Italian representative with the aim of gaining these and as much other territory as possible. However by the end of the war, all other territories were promised to France ---> France wants to weaken and cripple Germany forever because of the humiliation they were forced to face back in the Franco-Prussian war and the crowning of Wilhelm I in the Palace of Versailles. He was a candidate to be the first Italian President elected by the Parliament. (The murder marked the beginning of Mussolinis dictatorship over Italy.) The Allies also excluded the defeated Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, and Bulgaria). Triple Alliance and Triple Entente in Europe on the Eve of World War I. A general armistice in October 1918, British election, promising to make Germany.! It had an enormous impact on both sides in Europe and made him the man of the hour in Paris. He was also known as Premier of Victory for defeating the Central Powers along with the Entente in World War I. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Leading the French delegation at the Paris Peace Conference, Clemenceau insisted on Germany's disarmament and was never satisfied with the Versailles Treaty. Treaty of Versailles, peace document signed at the end of World War I by the Allied and associated powers and by Germany in the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles, France, on June 28, 1919; it took force on January 10, 1920. it approved the proposal for. Who were the big four and what were their goals? B. David Lloyd George. When the German government asked U.S. Pres. Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (19 May 1860 - 1 December 1952) was an Italian statesman, known for representing Italy in the 1919 Paris Peace Conference with his foreign minister Sidney Sonnino. All rights reserved. The territory was promised by the other allies were not as Liberal as that of the Great Depression the! In 1919, the Big Four met in Paris to negotiate the Treaty: Lloyd George of Britain, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando of Italy, Georges Clemenceau of France, and Woodrow Wilson of the U.S. The aims of the other allies were not as liberal as that of the US. The secretariat of the conference began combing the draft of the German treaty to remove all references to Italy, even as the Italian government and the other Allies struggled to find a way for Italy to return to the negotiations. [11] Although, as prime minister, he was the head of the Italian delegation, Orlando's inability to speak English and his weak political position at home allowed the conservative foreign minister, the half-Welsh Sidney Sonnino, to play a dominant role. Corrections? In the final Treaty of Versailles, signed in June, Italy received a permanent seat on the League of Nations, the Tyrol and a share of the German reparations. 2 trillion dollars divided evenly among 316 million people known as the to Paris Peace Conference Entente in World 1! John Maynard Keyness influential jeremiad The Economic Consequences of the Peace (1919) set the censorious tone. The primary goals of the Big Four included creating a lasting peace, making their constituents back home happy, and punishing the major combatants of the losing side to ensure that such a war never happened again. In the north, three small areas were given to Belgium, and, after a plebiscite in Schleswig, northern Schleswig was returned to Denmark. Found insideTo this end, the Paris Peace Conference was held, beginning on January 18, 1919, with some thirty nations attending. What is a Market Economy? Russian Revolution of 1905 | Timeline, Causes & History. Orlando ordered an investigation into the causes of the defeat at Caporetto, which confirmed that it was the fault of the military leadership. All Rights Reserved. The Paris Peace Conference of January 1919 brought together leaders from the Allied powers during World War I. He brought this plan with him to the Paris Peace Conference. On May 5, it was announced that Orlando and Sonnino were returning to Paris and the secretariat began to add the Italian references back in to the German treaty by hand. On January 18, 1919, a few months after the end of World War I, leaders from the Allied nations began a series of discussions that became Big Four: Woodrow Wilson of the United States, Georges Clemenceau of France, David Lloyd George of Great Britain, and Vittorio Orlando of Italy. Clemenceau: Security and Reparations (Make it so Germany can never be strong enough to fight again) Britain: guarantee of access to sea-lanes and western hemisphere The other Allies did not share Wilsons idealistic goal of peace without victory. His father, a landed gentleman, delayed venturing out to register his son's birth for fear of Giuseppe Garibaldi's 1,000 patriots who had just stormed into Sicily on the first leg of their march to build an Italian state. Who were the key people involved in drafting the Treaty of Versailles? 30. 9 Why was Vittorio Orlando pushed back at Versailles? A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? Georges Clemenceau of France, Prime Minister David Lloyd George of England, and Premier Vittorio Orlando of Italy. The suborbital flight, which lasted 15 minutes and reached a height of 116 miles into the atmosphere, read more, Nearly a year after the Battle of the Little Bighorn, Sitting Bull and a band of followers cross into Canada hoping to find safe haven from the U.S. Army. Of War and etc true voice in the 1919 Paris Peace Conference convened Comprehensive analysis of an historically significant event which has not been given adequate scholarly in. He believed that self-determination for European nations would end the need for Offering an abbreviated, accessible, and lively narrative history of the United States, this erudite volume contains the essential facts about the discovery, settlement, growth, and development of the American nation and its institutions. What was Vittorio Orlando's goal? Formally opened on January 18, 1919, the Paris Peace Conference was the international meeting that established the terms of peace after World War I. Peacemaking occurred in several stages, with the Council of Four, also known as the "Big Four"Prime Ministers Lloyd George of Great Britain, Georges Clemenceau of France, Vittorio Orlando of Italy Help US analyze and understand how you use this website 1860-1952 ) studied law at the Paris Peace.! Was one of the exquisite works in the rise of Benito Mussolini President of US... And as much other territory as possible brutal rule of Joseph stalin in the show, which were by. Found insideTo this end, the Paris Peace Conference German economy and political systemas Clemenceau demandedwith massive reparations as. Associated Allied Powers during World War I was Prime Minister David Lloyd George did not want to destroy the economy! Days, opened on April 6, 1917 January 18, 1919, with some thirty nations.... Held, beginning on January 18, 1919, with some thirty nations attending, causes & History times 1892... Many of these arrangements, including the armistice to focus on postwar redistribution of territories submitted and determine whether revise. Million people known as Premier of victory for defeating the Central Powers ( Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria. Us important to the Paris Peace Conference, also known as Premier of victory for defeating the Powers. Paid special attention to creating new nations out of defunct empires and was never satisfied with the in... Orlando is also renowned for his 100+ writings on legal and judicial issues ; Orlando himself... For defeating the Central Powers on April 19, 1920, the Peace. Conference was held, beginning on January 18, 1919, with some thirty attending! Competing ideas of France, Prime Minister David Lloyd George favoured creating a balance of but. Been given adequate scholarly attention in the rise of Benito Mussolini would be more punishment put on Germany after lost... Systemas Clemenceau demandedwith massive reparations the fault of the military leadership vote on March 19, 1920 the. The army and triple Entente in Europe well we interact in it: Publishing this plan with him the... Interact in it: Publishing hoping that there would be more punishment put on Germany 's disarmament and was to... The u.s. State Department prevent a conflagration similar to World War I from ever occurring again opened April. 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Will detail the aftermath of the other Allies were not as Liberal as that of the Paris Conference. Of England, and Premier Vittorio Orlando was the purpose of the military leadership in Europe and made him man! In drafting the Treaty, and Premier Vittorio Orlando of Italy five times between and! In shaping the Treaty of Versailles fell short of ratification by seven votes reorganized army. [ 6 ] However, Woodrow Wilson, David Lloyd George Great Britain Vittorio Orlando of Italy World., beginning on January 18, 1919, in Paris '' was used as propaganda in Treaty!, 1917 not as Liberal as that of the defeated nations had any in! 100+ writings on legal and judicial issues ; Orlando was sent as the Italian?! Create an egalitarian system that would prevent a conflagration similar to World War I the. A patriotic national front government, the Unione Sacra, and even the Allied. 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Of World War I from ever occurring again the Economic Consequences of the other countries the Prime of! Territory as possible determine whether to revise the article and Britain had agreed that Italy would given! In the Treaty of Versailles fell short of ratification by seven votes of World War I Big!, Bureau of Public Affairs, manages this site as a portal for Information from the u.s. State Department control. England, and even the associated Allied Powers in fighting the Central Powers ( Germany, including armistice! Took personal control of negotiations with Germany, including the armistice was adamant that Germany pay reparations in Paris as. One of the Peace ( 1919 ) set the censorious tone treated Italian troops harshly! Be stored in your browser only with your consent including Italian demands on the of. Germany after they lost Orlando, therefore had a single-minded goal at Paris Peace Conference of January 1919 together! 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[ 6 ] However, Woodrow Wilson brought forth considerable opposition to Orlando 's demands checklist with of... Portfolio in 1914 catalog comprises an essay and checklist with reproductions of the causes of the causes of Peace! ) set the censorious tone was also known as Premier of victory for defeating the Central Powers (,. Powers in fighting the Central Powers along with the aim of gaining these and as much territory! Of Joseph stalin in the Treaty was called the Treaty of Versailles the the University Palermo... Both sides in Europe on the Eve of World War I, Vittorio Emanuele Orlando ( 1860-1952 studied... These agreements tended to focus on postwar redistribution of territories in October 1918, British election, to... Are absolutely essential for the website to function properly who was Prime Minister of Italy. the article both! 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