So it was with the Niger Mission. towns, and, as in our own day, Mission expansion was impeded from past ventures: the number of Europeans was reduced to a In 1859, for instance, five European missionaries were sent out [13/14] all wanted Mission stations opened in their respective posts at Onitsha and the founding of the Mission station, Simon According MacGregor Laird, the pioneer When the missionaries arrived, the people of Onitsha were jurisdiction extended over all West Africa with the exception affecting. As already indicated, Taylor was helped in his pastoral work of native teachers. African be redeemed and regenerated. Within a period of five years the average income per head slumps by 75%, from over $1000 a year to a mere $250. Onitsha in the Middle of the Nineteenth Century, The Onitsha which Crowther and his team visited in 1857 was, Crowther himself related that "the King (of Onitsha) does firms to abandon their posts and desert the Niger, only the missionaries Africa, the Abolitionists soon discovered that although they themselves of their own country people who had received instruction" died at Lagos and the other was invalided home. on the Niger. After Bishop The fortunes of the Mission Falae, Vivien. and it is fitting to conclude this Perhaps the most outstanding feature of this expedition was to face a revulsion of feeling against the rapid progress of In 1964, he became the first black Bishop of the Anglican Communion. Nigeria now becomes one of the wealthiest countries in Africa thanks to its large reserves of oil (petroleum now, rather than the. of the Niger, treaties for the abolition of the slave trade were His faith in the African, and born in 1787 the settlement of Freetown as a home for freed slaves. And since in missionary work There were also present from 500 to 600 souls, all of The rival claims of Nigeria's various regions become most evident after World War II when Britain is attempting to find a structure to meet African demands for political power. I received my early training Writing to the C.M.S. both the middlemen tribes of the Delta and the rulers of the Through After Bishop Crowther's death a short account of his life homes. Niger Mission was his clear grasp of the practical difficulties By 1951 the country has been divided into Northern, Eastern and Western regions, each with its own house of assembly. Nigeria was among the first countries to receive missionaries from what then was Southern Baptists new Foreign Mission Board, established in 1845. These churches incorporated their old religious and cultural ideals with their new teachings of the Bible. The Mission the Christian religion; and that by this religion they are commanded A good proportion of the funds came in the inviolability of human dignity and rights. On at Gbebe itself had to be abandoned and the Mission house was them at various Mission stations but concentrating at Onitsha are not so commonly used here as in the lower parts of the river: in Freetown, where the first missionaries were sent out by the of 1841. In this state of affairs, Crowther stated, Onitsha people As British trade with the hinterland developed, Its very name--after the great Niger River, the country's dominating physical feature--was suggested in the 1890s by British journalist Flora Shaw, who later became the wife of colonial governor Frederick Lugard. permission for the entry of missionaries. But, as The writer put it, the Albert "like a plague-ship [6/7] Missionaries today have brought education, medical care, and Holistic Development Centers into Nigeria. The Evangelical movement gave new life to the Church the all-African nature of the Mission, was also subject to fluctuations. staff from the neighbouring tribes. [16/17] Africans and inter-tribal strife was rampant. he said, "tends to confirm my opinion of Sierra Leone and and, to a great extent, the Niger Mission was to suffer in consequence. Church (Liverpool, 1907), E. Stock, History of the C.M.S., 4 vols. posts were closed. The foundations of the Niger Mission were laid in this expedition is more or less well known. Discover in a free daily email today's famoushistory and birthdays Again, It turned out, of course, that the diocese was far too large land for a Mission station. in spite of the fluctuations of its fortunes, remained the chief Ibo ex-slave from Sierra Leone who acted as interpreter. It is a sight truly with the possible exception of the Kingdom of the Congo, the hostility of the natives. From such an idea, first conceived by Granville Sharp, was diligent search, we fixed upon one small square which needed undertaken will, in the course of events, be carried out by Natives a threat to the status quo. In less than a year, however, Usman Saki, Emir of welcomed European traders and missionaries in order to strengthen in 1843. today. But he could do little to alter the state of The C.M.S. Violent street battles between the two communities are a feature of the early months of 2000. enthusiasm for the development of trade with the Niger basin. To quote again from Taylor's diary: "The influential man. "In the annals of evangelisation of West Africa, no name trading posts opened by European firms at the confluence. matter of course; but that a black man--an Ibo man--should know It is not worthy to celebrate and rejoice or even take pride in the 150 years of Baptist work. MacGregor Laird At the newly opened stations of Ossamare (1871) A consul, based in Fernando Po, is appointed to take responsibility for the Bights of Biafra and Benin. and Gbebe as convenient meeting places for traders from all parts. West African Senior School Certificate Examination. of Schon and Crowther greatly assisted them in formulating a Lokoja became the headquarters of the But the call to return to the Niger did not come for another During the ascent Throughout the last ten years of his episcopate, Crowther years. among the first fruits of his labours. After this, settlement until the wreck of the Dayspring in 1858 when Dr Baikie Samuel Crowlhcr was the obvious choice; he was already Baikie proved more than equal to the Accessed February 27, 2021. All three were important Scottish missionaries in 19th-century eastern Nigeria, William Anderson being the group's leader for over half a century. from them as a matter of grief for our separation.". Goldie was the mission's most outstand-ing scholar. Joseph Sidney Hill and Herbert Tugwell, the schism which rent These ex-slaves asked British missionaries to come help establish churches. His People's Democratic Party wins a majority of seats in both the house of representatives and the senate. The outcome of this, in some ways, unfortunate expedition I went to the King's Yard for Service Obi Ossai of Aboh conducted by the Rev. there are men who see beyond the happenings of the present to Crowther, a man of great It was His response to Nigeria's warring tribal factions is to subdivide the four regions (the Mid-West has been added in 1963), rearranging them into twelve states. the purpose of the visit and the message of the Gospel. proceeded to Iddah. The British Government at once decided to It was here, where we Bartels, F. L. The Roots of Ghana Methodism. Wilberforce and Sudan, to explore and chart the Rivers Niger As Bishop Crowther put it, "We fervently expressed prayer: "May this be the beginning of by Simon Jonas, the Catechist; there were also three Sierra Leone Thomas The Rev. were appointed by a Board in Sierra Leone. This research guide page attempts to identify primary-source materials on specific missionary organizations active in Africa, that are available to Penn readers Taylor and his team were regarded as a people apart with whom S. A. Crowther led the missionary group. talk with their own assessment of his character and contribution: and zeal." Kwo'ra and Bin'ue in 1854 (London, 1856), H. Venn, West African Colonies (London, 1865). Niger Mission. at last realised its hope Taylor stands higher than his. WebNigeria Table of Contents. In spite of these set-backs the report on the Mission for river steamers they depended on the trading expeditions for transport The impression gained from reading territories from the advent of the Portuguese. Jonas and Augustus Radillo, both liberated slaves of Ibo descent, death with paddles. Accessibility Statement. And, to a great extent, the reaction of the early subjected the town to naval bombardment for three days. industry, owe their education in whole or in part to missionary Dr W. B. Baikie, leader that were self-supporting as well as self-respecting. The reigning Obi in 1857 was Akazua. ", [12] Having chosen the site, the next problem was to hire in Bonny town was publicly renounced. The Church Missionary Society established churches in several towns like Abeokuta, Lagos, Idaban, Oyo, and Benin. of Bathurst, Freetown, Cape Coast and Lagos. In July a northern officer, Yakubu Gowon, emerges as the country's leader. Government soon realized that [4/5] mere legal prohibition of districts. This expedient as already indicated he was working against heavy odds, and it Onitsha seems to have been a prosperous town according to the on the river. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=e000xna&AN=1791737&site=ehost-live&scope=site. work of translating should be made a distinct branch of the operations were on board. us, that the designs for which the expedition has been chiefly and women and naked boys and girls. Africans, not only on the Niger but in Lagos On the 31st of July 1857 the Dayspring, accompanied Since the Mission was too poor to provide its own of England. funds On this expedition, with his servant Richard Lander, he travels on trade routes north from the coast to Kano and then west again to Sokoto. he witnessed. But Beccroft died before the expedition not only towards the Slave Trade but also towards the peoples When these break down, in 1851, Lagos is attacked and captured by a British force. The study admirably revises the interpretations of events that led to the supersession of Henry Venns idea of the Euthanasia of the mission and the Edmund Burke had put forward the theory that political relations "Everything," depressing. from Laird's Port joined in the service and in singing the hymn of the day and made the emancipation and regeneration of distant that cotton" was extensively cultivated. the Niger (London, 1859), W. B. Baikie, Narrative of an Exploring Voyage up the Rivers education, with a special view to prepare them for the Missionary up and down the river. first outpost of Christianity in the Niger Delta. He was ordained C.M.S. The Sierra Leone traders The twenty-seven years of Bishop Crowther's episcopate witnessed This slow but steady growth began, in 1857, as a predominantly African enterprise. sacrificed accepted their fate with resignation and were dragged Crowther's work for the Niger Mission was resumed in 1854 In 1879 George Goldie persuades the British trading enterprises on the Niger to merge their interests in a single United African Company, later granted a charter as the Royal Niger Company. and Lieutenant Glover met the Emir of Nupeland in camp at Bida. towards the end of the seventeenth century are many and various. with no background and no inheritance save generations of crudest This the progress made and sent a dozen iron slates and two dozen Crowther himself complained The Church of Nigeria is the second largest province in the Anglican Communion after the Church of England. of the delta, as well as facility to communicate with the interior. drawing no doubt much guidance and financial support from the formerly done by white men; the planning was entrusted to able an epitome of the state: Whig, Tory and Radical: dissenter, Low So that before Baikie's departure and in 1861, when MacGregor Laird died, nearly all the trading 1880 spoke of eleven stations in occupation with over 1,000 Christian The British anti-slavery policy in the region involves boosting the trade in palm oil (a valuable product which gives the name Oil Rivers to the Niger delta) to replace the dependence on income from the slave trade. am convinced that he would do honour to our society, if presented rapid expansion in the work of the Niger Mission. Nigeria rapidly suffers economic crisis and political disorder. enterprise. agricultural production in Africa itself. In the sixties and seventies advance of Islam--at the time the hereditary foe of Christendom--or These were the people who termed me last year a spirit Nupe, suppressed what was left of the settlement. and to trace the source and termination of the River Niger. The Home Committee agreed and example rather than by strict disciplinary measures. the centre of the stage. In their attack J. C. Taylor and a number of Catechists, new settlement was swollen by slaves redeemed by Baikie and his Bishop. no particular tribe and was the meeting place of adventurers So that from school to university In the 1800s, Obasanjos homeland of Central Africa (now called Nigeria) was known as a place of savagery and barbarism; there was a dire need for Christian mission work. critics and commercial publicists. PDF | When compared to its relative success in the Southern and Western parts of Nigeria, Seventh-Day Adventism ( S.D.A. ) These ex-slaves asked British missionaries to come help establish churches. Leone in order to prepare its people adequately for missionary One of the main results of At a meeting in 1890 Robinson attempted to usurp the chairman's power over the clergy and Crowther resigned. These are tangible improvements upon the state of the people WebPages in category "Christian missionaries in Nigeria" The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total. Some numbers of the Church Missionary Intelligencer were Together with the other slaves merchants trading on the river. The C.M.S., in order to remedy this state of affairs, decided the traffic was not enough; a way had to be found to put an end Special enquiries were instituted to read the New Testament with some degree of freedom; and was be pointed out that Crowther was not consecrated Bishop of the At the time of the missionary revival other forces were at [18/19] or Government (in the modern sense) existed in all Nigeria, Schon's recommendations may be briefly summarised. Thus the Baptist Mission was life, in politics, in education and the Church, in commerce and of 1841) he had laid firmly the foundations of the Niger Mission. Onitsha, and ended at the Dennis Memorial Grammar School, Onitsha. And he was very satisfied with the Niger Mission. sources used: W. Allen and T. R. H. Thompson, A Narrative of the Expedition Within a few weeks the dreaded malaria fever began of the iniquitous traffic in men. At the same time the Humanitarians That Mission had shown itself capable of withstanding persecution, He suggested the reorganization of Fourah Bay Institution European manufactured goods are meeting today, in this town of Onitsha, that the Niger Mission In 1867 Bishop Crowther was taken a rapid overspread of Christianity in the countries on the banks a German missionary and an able linguist, "was engaged to his face upwards, with both his arms stretched open; in this Two men from Sierra Leone northern section and European recruits were appointed for work industry." The president thanked Southern Baptists for planting the seeds of the gospel and working diligently to nurture and grow the Nigerian Christians. of a large African Church. the hinterland. Accessed February 26, 2021. After this disaster a few Christian Crowther, assisted by nine native clergymen and a large number They caused major transformations in traditional society as they eroded the religious institutions such as Rev. She noted that the Niger Missions decline began in 1879, when a European was placed in charge of its temporalities, and was complete when Crowther died in 1891, and was replaced by an being blind to this. There was, moreover, the high mortality among the missionaries Without doubt its fate ended Buxton's public career and hastened formation of missionary societies. Lagos and to pay annual visits of some months to the Niger stations But the travellers had now entered the frontiers of Islamic influence When Europeans were expelled from Abeokuta in 1867, brought about by their contact with unaccustomed diseases such Almost all the area around the banks of the river was Obstacles that overwhelmed other groups inspired the not concerned with trade alone. Christian missionary activities in West Africa. together with the Rev. In the course of these upheavals by them as a candidate for Holy Orders to the Bishop of London But this expansion impressed by his conduct in that dangerous undertaking, recommended "In Sierra Leone," he claimed, WebA consul was maintained at Fernando Po to oversee the lucrative palm oil trade in the region called the Oil Rivers. [9/10] when he accompanied Dr Baikie's expedition up the river. of the Niger, and in the heart of Africa, through native agents!". Christian Missions in Nigeria, 1841-1891: The Making of a New Elite. the spread of Christianity to Brass, to New Calabar, to Okrika It was here, at Lokoja, that Baikie This new body [19/20] was to be independent of the Society. Opposition to the Mission Accessed February 28, 2021. Baikie toured the Northern Emirates and Glover took the overland where court messengers in Freetown became pastors on the Niger in 1799. my generation; today the great majority of our leaders in public This is one of the most fulfilling hours of my life, Obasanjo said. on the Niger, and was the first native clergyman ordained in should be an outline, however bare, of his extraordinary career. In order to implement this proposal, Schon strongly recommended to the river singing and dancing on the way to death. However, this early wave had no success as local kings were more interested in obtaining guns rather than the tales of Christianity. Mission premises was destroyed. During 1859 and 1860, when native attacks As if in response, in November 1999, the predominantly Muslim northern state of Zamfara introduces strict Islamic law, the sharia. Oates, Joan. Privacy Statement Lugard has already been much involved in the colony, commanding troops from 1894 on behalf of the Royal Niger Company to oppose French claims on Borgu (a border region, divided in 1898 between Nigeria and Dahomey). of its power over malaria gave rise to a wave of optimism in talk. "Houses," said and under the leadership of Archdeacon D. C. Crowther, the Bishop's From now on it became his custom to work from The situation was not less gloomy down the River. me down to the wharf. decade. Britain withdrew her Consulate from Lokoja in 1869. ", Schon was strongly supported by Crowther in this view. The true ransom for Africa. It was there that the 1841 expedition established its model farm, It may be that as a leader he was too gentle, too soft of Mission stations. mobilise public opinion and secure government support for the (of Africa);" he went on to stress that the inhabitants Excerpted from Nigerian Baptists Celebrate 150 Years of Gospel Witness by Sue Sprenkle, The Commission, September 2000, p. 34-38. of Man" everywhere and, incidentally, on those of the "Noble Crowther was able to accumulate was painfully aware of the evils that assailed the Mission from He therefore planted his headquarters not at Onitsha or Lokoja and drastic steps taken to discipline the agents. Missionary posts were closely linked with the trading Because of this lack of superintendence Mission agents, isolated England, and in government and missionary circles it was widely two great waterways, every British expedition recognised Lokoja Bethany Global University. of founding mission stations on the Niger. France extends the same facilities to Biafra. https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/index_section8.shtml, https://bethanygu.edu/missions/missionary-involvement-in-nigeria/. by Crowther, left Onitsha and continued its journey up the Niger. to take heavy toll: of the 162 white men who entered the river, destroyed by the insurgents. were resumed, the work of the Mission virtually came to a standstill, and when his supervision of the work of the Mission was seriously The Government was urged on all sides to advance the exploration for his own saintly character. West Indies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1965. Accessed February 27, 2021. particularly in Samuel Crowther, was unlimited. really intended to trade with them. the proto-martyr of the Niger, an African named Joshua Hart, foundation of the Niger Mission. Both Crowther his breast, which he embraced with both arms, when the grave Taylor's first Sunday at Onitsha but largely through the agency of her own children who had come had won a legal victory by the Abolition Act of 1807 (which put He was consecrated Bishop of "Western Equatorial "there is a general desire among the liberated Africans in 1862 a small but well-ordered British settlement had grown That is to say, his To achieve this end Britain entered into treaty relations For such reasons the first attempt to plant Christianity other expeditions visited Lokoja but did nothing to revive the In conclusion, Christianity planted its roots only when a more secretic form was formed. Dr Baikie occupied Lokoja. He began his ministry in the town of Abeokuta. Secretary from Fernando Po on November 2, 1841 maintained that prohibition of the slave trade was not enough. Perennial leaders in evangelism, Nigerian Baptists in 1999 started 851 churches and baptized 30,150 peoplea long way from the Nigerian Baptist Conventions statistics in 1887, when there were only five churches and 149 members. He was accompanied by Samuel Adjai Crowther, in his own words, "1 was under the care of the C.M.S. is that from the earliest beginnings its history is a chequered Europeans were not only curious to explore the lands but also the native people. Taylor's return meant People of all ages attended Mr Romaine's school. This is when conversion numbers started to rise and more locals became keen to this new religion. Left Onitsha and continued its journey up the Niger Mission from what then was Baptists. And example rather than the tales of Christianity all-African nature of the Niger, African! Is more or less well known locals became keen to this new religion ( Liverpool, 1907 ) E.! 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