To McGregor, a steady supply of motivation seemed more likely to occur underTheory Y management. 1. providing opportunities for employee growth It increases fixed costs for companies. Is there an internal conflict between team members? 1. Theory X . The two theories refer to two styles of managementauthoritarian (Theory X) and participative (Theory Y). What is the rationale behind job enlargement strategies? Theory Y . The XY Theory diagram and measurement tool below (pdf and doc versions) are adaptations of McGregor's ideas for modern organisations, management and work. McClelland's need for achievement underlies Maslow's self-actualization. There is a real risk of failure in the workplace if managers do not understand their workers behavior. 4. job enrichment For this reason, HR must enable, together with everyone in a company, a new look at people and their relationships, adopting assumptions that are more appropriate to the moment and this new workforce. Average employees always seek direction as they are lazy. The database is updated daily, so anyone can easily find a relevant essay example. ensure the integrity of our platform while keeping your private information safe. Theory X, Theory Y. Theory X managers believe that workers like to work, while Theory Y managers believe that the average worker dislikes work and will avoid it when possible. Curiously titled Theory X Theory Y, his theory outlines two opposing views on human behavior in the workplace.Each of the viewpoints addresses a different way of meeting each individual's motivational needs. 26. option C is correct. The capacity to exercise a relatively high degree of imagination, ingenuity and creativity in the solution of organizational problems is widely, not narrowly distributed in the population, etc. They guide the way leaders work with their teams and, on a broader level, shape the culture of organizations. Employees prefer making decisions themselves and also solving problems creatively. After identifying the issue, analyze the employees needs and wants. 3. an example of job enlargement. 5. specialization. IvyPanda. (2022) 'Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory'. The idea behind using letters X and Y, perhaps seems to be using a neutral terminology, which does not convey any sense of badness or goodness associated with these theories. Under these conditions, people will seek responsibility. IvyPanda. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as Theory X and Theory Y management. This is an example of an intrinsic reward. McGregor recognized that some people may not have reached the level of maturity assumed by Theory Y and may initially need tighter controlsthat can be relaxed as the employee develops. The hard approach to motivation relies on coercion, implicit threats, micromanagement, and tight controls essentially an environment of command and control. 1. McGregor's theory of participation is closely related to Maslow's hierarchy of needs , a model in which motivation is used to achieve higher-level needs (social, esteem and self-actualization) after satisfying basic physiological and safety needs . 1. 2. reduces driving in rush hour traffic. Douglas McGregor related Maslow's ideas about personal needs to management. Although new theories and practices have emerged regarding the theme, the foundations and principles of motivation are from a long time ago. Equity theory The theory assumes that employees are lazy and cannot make decisions. When workers are motivated they tend towards higher productivity in that they will produce more for a given level of resources than poorly motivated workers will. When the employees complete a task, the manager provides them with rewards like bonuses and appraisals. McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. 1. decrease in productivity regardless of supervision Theory X managers assumes that "the average human being has an inherit dislike of work and will avoid it if he can" (McGregor, 1960, p 33) and because of this "most people must . Wash Sale Rule: Example and How to Avoid It? Authoritarian management style is applied by the management, where the managers closely monitor and supervise each employee. The higher-level needs of esteem and self-actualization are ongoingneeds that, for most people, are never completely satisfied. People will apply self-control and self-direction in the pursuit of organisational objectives, without external control or the threat of punishment. 5. reduces the total number of hours that employees work. Douglas McGregor. 11 May. Commentdocument.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a1155d291d2925622a07c4cb35dcd7be" );document.getElementById("jcdce23a82").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Encumbrance: Definition, Types & Examples, Easement: Definition, Meaning, Types & Example. Theory X . Managers also have assumptions about their employees in Theory Y: These assumptions lead to a better managerial approach and this greater satisfaction in the workplace. As such, it is these higher-level needs through which employees can best be motivated. Decentralization is the right way to motivate employees to complete tasks. Your email address will not be published. Employees must be present from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. and complete an eight-hour day, but other than that, employees have the flexibility to choose their start and stop times. The theory can lead to managers becoming lazy, as they can delegate and decentralize all work to their subordinates in the name of transferring authority. But what does it mean in practice? McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y. McGregor created Theory X and Theory Y of human work motivation and explained two styles of management known as authoritarian (Theory X) and participative (Theory Y). 5. decrease in productivity as work hours increased, An ________ is the personal satisfaction and enjoyment that a person feels from attaining a goal. Allowing some employees to work at home part-time is: Implications of McGregor's Theory on Teaching Method The theory x teacher will use the carrot and stick approach to motivation because he believes that the potentials of students are static . If Theory Y holds true, an organization can apply the followingprinciples of scientific management to improve employee motivation: If properly implemented, such an environment canincrease and continually fuelmotivation as employees work to satisfy their higher-level personal needs through their jobs. McGregor stressed that Theory Y management does not imply a soft approach. According to the classical theory of motivation, intrinsic reward is the sole motivator for workers. Theory X and Theory Y was first proposed in 1960, by Douglas Mcgregor. Workers are often micromanaged and have very little autonomy in the organization. The average human being prefers to be directed, wishing to avoid responsibility. All Rights Reserved. Responsibility for their own learning will be as natural to the students as other responsibilities. Herzberg's motivational factors. 2. equity theory 3. productivity remaining the same despite an increase in efficiency Theory Y is McGregor's other modem view of the nature of man. Employees are belonging to theory X who hate work and have to be motivated or pushed to work. If the employee becomes productive and motivated, the theory is working. Did you have an idea for improving this content? Very helpful information it would be great to learn more. 1. job sharing. Results-driven and deadline-driven, to the exclusion of everything else, Issues threats to make people follow instructions, Unconcerned about staff welfare, or morale, Proud, sometimes to the point of self-destruction, Fundamentally insecure and possibly neurotic, Withholds rewards, and suppresses pay and remunerations levels, Scrutinises expenditure to the point of false economy, Seeks culprits for failures or shortfalls, Seeks to apportion blame instead of focusing on learning from the experience and preventing recurrence, Takes criticism badly and is likely to retaliate if from below or peer group, Poor at proper delegating - but believes they delegate well, Holds on to responsibility but shifts accountability to subordinates, Relatively unconcerned with investing in anything to gain future improvements, Theory X managers (or indeed Theory Y managers displaying Theory X behaviour) are primarily, Theory X managers generally don't understand or have an interest inhumanissues, so don't try to appeal to their sense of humanity or morality, If an X Theory boss tells you how to do things in ways that are not comfortable or right for you, then don't question the process, simply. Please note that Theory Z is not a Mcgregor idea and as such is not Mcgregor's extension of his XY theory. Add more tasks to a job than of treating each task as separate IvyPanda, 11 May 2022, ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory. McGregor's XY Theory of Management - The Simplest explanation ever.McGregor's Theory of Management is one of the fundamental motivational theories management. Necessary rewards upon task completion can be given to keep employees motivated. 1. Theory X and Theory Y describe two very different attitudes toward workforce motivation. 5. salary. If we take as an example extrinsic (X) and intrinsic (Y) motivations and their context dependence. A. physiological and security needs B. security and social needs C. social and esteem needs D. esteem and self-actualization needs E. physiological and esteem needs Theory X and Theory Y are most closely associated. Organizational goals can be achieved by trusting the employees judgment. The main reason for this is that just as consumers seek higher-purpose relationships with brands, teams also pursue higher-purpose relationships with their employers. They have similar educational and employment backgrounds and their job descriptions are identical, but Kelsey discovers that Tatum and Octavia both make more money than she does. E. a manager who focuses on the hygiene factors proposed by Herzbcrg. 5. a system that allows employees to choose to work part of a week from home. 25. option A is correct The capacity to use a high degree of imagination, ingenuity and creativity in solving organisational problems is widely (not narrowly) distributed among the population. Expectancy theory. Job enrichment This book describes the development of two new theories X and Y. Theory X and Theory Y: Which Enhances the Staffs Performance Better? 3. the equity theory. We are hiring! Under Theory X, one can take a hard or soft approach to getting results. Theory Xmanagement hinders the satisfaction of higher-level needs because it doesnt acknowledge that those needs are relevant in the workplace. An average employee seeks responsibility to become more motivated. The approach focuses on persuading employees to complete work by motivating them with incentives and punishing them if they cannot complete the task. Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory. While McGregors theory was developed to improve motivation in the workplace, it has been recently used in the school system. Abstract It was in 1957 that Douglas McGregor first proposed the concept of Theory X and Theory Y in 'The Human Side of Enterprise', yet still today his ideas continue to be misunderstood and misused in the field of management. 5. challenging employees. These do not require any motivation to work. It allows two people to do one job. They led to the belief that nothing will motivate workers who They led to companies providing better physical work His theory is based on managerial views of human beings. B. work is as natural as play or rest. It negates the assumptions of Theory X and vice versa. People will be self-directed and creative to meet their work and organizational objectives if they are committed to them. While money may not be the most effective way to self-fulfillment, it may be the only way available. The soft approach, however, is to be permissive and seek harmony in the hopes that, in return, employees will cooperate when asked. Students find learning inherently challenging and are only expected to have limited success in the course. Theory X is useful for less experienced employees who have just stepped into the professional world. Lillian Gilbreth. The person primarily associated with the Hawthorne studies is An inner drive that directs a person's behavior toward goals is called motivation Most people are not ambitious, have little desire for responsibility, and prefer to be directed. 2. a type of job enrichment. Employees in lack ambition and responsibility towards their work. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. B. the humanistic view of management. Douglas McGregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour; labelling these as Theory 'X' and Theory 'Y'. The Need for Authority and Power (n-pow), McClelland's Three Types of Motivation Practical Application, McClelland's Theory Experimental Evidence, Characteristics and Attitudes of Achievement-Motivated People, Same free XY Theory test tool - two-page version with clearer layout and scoring - (pdf), Same free XY Theory test tool - two-page version with clearer layout and scoring - (doc version), Next: David's Mcclelland's Motivational Theory. 3. a system that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times as long as they are at work during a specified core time. According to McGregor, Theory X managementassumes the following: Essentially, Theory X assumes that the primary source of employee motivation is monetary, with security as a strong second. McGregor makes the point that a command-and-control environment is not effective because it relies on lower needs for motivation, but in modern society those needs are mostly satisfied and thus are no longer motivating. 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